Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in developing countries. Understanding the molecular basis of snail-parasite interaction and identified genes that may be involved in rendering snails resistant to infection is a great challenge for disease control. The aim of the present work is to confirm, from the genetic point of view, the compatibility/ incompatibility of two types of snails; Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus with Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium miracidia using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). We selected 7 primers, since they have previously been useful to detect polymorphism among B. alexandrina and/or B. truncatus. The electrophoretic patterns resulting from DNA amplification showed similar identify bands between each species with their compatible miracidia. No similar identify in any bands between each species with the non compatible miracidia was observed. In conclusion, there is a relatively restricted genetic variation between susceptible and non-susceptible snails; hence the susceptibility of snails to parasitic infection is possible to be genetically controlled and to develop new strategies to control schistosomiasis.

Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) is defined as elevated fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥ 100 mg/dl and < 126 mg/dl. IFG has received increasing attention in recent years, because it is an intermediate stage in the development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The assessment of non- High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (non-HDL-C) provides a measure of cholesterol contained in all atherogenic particles. We investigated the association between non-HDL-C and fasting plasma glucose levels in 50 patients with IFG in the age group of 20-35 years. The non-HDL-C levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels (r=0.07). Measurement of non-HDL-C can be used to assess the cardiovascular risk which may not be accurately identified by estimating only Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol levels.

γ -glutamyl transferase catalyses the transfer of amino acids from a substrate to other amino acid and γ- Glutamyl transferase is present in all tissues except in muscle. The aim is to evaluate the relation between GGT and bone resorption. Post menopausal women of age above 50years were investigated for the GGT in urine, Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase, GGT, Creatinine, Calcium and Phosphorus were performed in serum compared with the of premenopausal women. The mean urinary GGT levels of postmenopausal women were comparatively high with that of premenopausal women, i.e 44.17IU/L and 33.34IU/L respectively. The biochemical investigations had revealed that the increase in level of urinary GGT is due to renal shedding and not from the bone.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with hyperglycemia and patients at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in predicting diabetic dyslipidemia. Clinically diagnosed cases of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients were included in the study with the age limit of 25-75 years. Out of which 28 diabetic patients with good glycemic control were included under Group A and 32 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control were included under Group B. Age and sex matched 60 male subjects are taken as control group. HbA1c demonstrate the positive and significant correlation with total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLc, Non HDLc and a negative correlation with HDLc. There is also a good correlation between HbA1c and lipid ratios (TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc ratios). Poorly controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c value >7.0%) had a significant higher value of TC/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc as compared to the good glycemic controlled diabetic patients (HbA1c value <7.0%).Thus HbA1c can be used as a potential dual marker of glycemic control and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

To assess the clinical implications of serum and follicular fluid AMH among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women receiving treatment with IVF/ICSI, a total of 168 women were enrolled in this study, 113 were PCOS while the remaining (n=55) were non-PCOS. Serum and follicular fluid AMH were analyzed, and compared to the endocrine profile and cycles outcomes. The results showed that both serum and follicular fluid AMH were increased significantly in PCOS women as compared to non-PCOS ones. A positive correlation was reported between them. The best cutoff points for them were detected by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as 3.15 ng/ml and 3.65 ng/mg protein for serum and follicular fluid AMH, respectively. Using these cutoff points, the sensitivities were 94.2 % and 92, 9% and specificities were 100 % and 94.55 for serum and follicular fluid AMH, respectively. These data suggested that AMH level can offers a good diagnostic potency for PCOS, and it may be used as a marker of futility for counseling IVF/ICSI candidates.

Hyperamylaemia is one of the finding in CRF patients. Acute and chronic renal failure is accompanied by retention of both amylase and lipase. The aim of the study is to evaluate the levels of amylase and its isoforms and to calculate the ACCR in CKD patients. The study included 20 controls and 36 CKD patients. Urea, creatinine, T. amylase, its isoforms P. amylase and S. amylase were measured in serum.urine sample collected for 4hrs period was used to estimate above mentioned parameters. The values obtained were used to calculate ACCR. In our study, the CKD patients showed a significant (p<0.001) rise in urea, creatinine, T- amylase, P- amylase, S- amylase and ACCR values for T-amylase (4.8 ± 2.3), P- amylase (6.0±3.0) and S – amylase (4.5±2.8) were also significantly increased when compared to controls. Through this study we conclude, The ACCR can be used for differential diagnosis of diseases.