Hypokalemic periodic paralysis predominantly affects males, with the typical age of onset between 18–30 years. Episodes of muscle weakness often begin early in the morning after waking, with paraparesis being the most common presentation, while complete paralysis is bit rare. Respiratory muscle involvement is uncommon, though some patients may experience fatigue and muscle aches before the onset of weakness, or the episodes may occur without warning. High-carbohydrate meals can trigger attacks, although this is not consistently observed. Primary hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP), the most common form, primarily affects males and typically begins between 18–26 years of age. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities indicative of hypokalemia is often detected when serum potassium levels fall below 3.0 mEq/L. Secondary causes include conditions such as renal tubular acidosis, gastrointestinal potassium loss (often with hypomagnesemia), Bartter syndrome, and Gitelman syndrome; in cases involving acid-base disturbances, evaluation for these conditions should be conducted promptly. The primary dangers linked to this condition arise from complications related to hypokalemia, especially irregular Heart Rhythms, and respiratory insufficiency, which could be significant factors in the morbidity and mortality associated with the condition. Genetic testing has limited utility for diagnosing primary HPP. A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, nephrologists, and dietitians is critical for improving long-term outcomes in hypoPP patients to optimize patient outcomes, minimize complications, and ensure comprehensive care for individuals with hypokalemic periodic paralysis.

Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) seeks to preserve respiration and circulation in cardiac arrest victims, emphasizing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) while utilizing minimal supplementary equipment. As per new Curriculum based medical education guidelines by National Medical Commission, foundation course for the Undergraduate has been started since 2019, in which skill component include 180 minutes for Basic Life Support. However, this much is not sufficient to learn about BLS and CPR. The elevated standards of care need that knowledge of BLS/CPR be updated and encompass both laypersons and medical professionals who may serve as educators in this skill. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of MBBS Phase – 1 medical students about Basic Life Support (BLS). Methods: This health education related descriptive, cross-sectional study was done by department of Physiology, among Phase 1 MBBS students of CIMS Chhindwara, MP, India, after institutional ethics committee approval. A Pre designed, pre-validated, self-reported questionnaire forms consisted of two sections were used for assessing the knowledge and attitude of MBBS students. Knowledge component assessment questionnaire form included questions related to steps of BLS, components of CPR and their details, sequence of CPR steps to follow, general awareness about examining pulse, respiration, etc. Attitude component assessment questionnaire form included questions related to CPR performed, willingness to learn BLS, willingness to teach BLS to family members, opinion on adding BLS training in medical and paramedical courses, etc. Data was entered in excel sheet. Means and proportions were calculated for quantitative & qualitative data respectively. Suitable statistical analysis done depending on the distribution of data. Results: Total number of sample size was 99 Phase 1 MBBS students. 98.99% of participants had poor knowledge, 1.01% of participants had average knowledge and none of the participant had good knowledge regarding Basic Life Support. Present study revealed a positive attitude of students towards BLS. Of the participants, 92.93% students have not done CPR before and 94% students feel that their knowledge about BLS is insufficient. 90.9% students think that all health care workers should be trained in BLS and 93.94% are likely to attend BLS training in workshop with hands on practice under supervision. Conclusion: The Study highlights that the knowledge of MBBS phase 1 students regarding BLS was not satisfactory. A significant portion of students do not acquire adequate knowledge in a single session of training in present curriculum. There is need to include frequent BLS training at regular intervals in medical curriculum of first year MBBS students. Progression of knowledge can also be done by inclusion of different teaching methods.

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are common orthopedic injuries, often resulting from high-energy trauma in younger individuals and falls in older adults. These fractures present a clinical challenge due to their complex nature and associated complications. Intramedullary nailing, particularly with the Expert Tibial Nail (ETN), has emerged as a preferred surgical technique for effective management. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary care hospital to assess the clinical outcomes of proximal tibia shaft fractures treated with intramedullary interlocking nailing using the ETN system. A total of 30 patients aged 18-75 were included, with follow-ups conducted at intervals up to six months post-surgery. Outcomes were evaluated using radiological assessments and functional criteria (Johner and Wruh’s). Results: The study demonstrated a high rate of successful outcomes, with 72% of patients achieving excellent functional recovery and 24% good results. Fracture healing times correlated with severity, ranging from 18 to 22 weeks. Early mobilization and partial weight-bearing were initiated within 11-12 weeks. Complications were minimal, with joint stiffness being the most frequent (10%). Conclusion: Intramedullary interlocking nailing with ETN is an effective treatment for proximal tibial fractures, offering superior functional and radiological outcomes. While complications such as knee stiffness and infection were observed, their incidence was low, emphasizing the importance of precise surgical techniques and early intervention.

Distal end radius fractures are among the most common upper extremity injuries, particularly in adults. The management of these fractures can vary significantly, with external fixation emerging as a viable option for cases that are displaced and complex. This article reviews the radiological outcomes of displaced distal end radius fractures treated with external fixators, emphasizing recovery metrics, patient satisfaction, and long-term implications.