Pharmacokinetic assessment of topical formulation is represented as crucial and a challenging task, as very small amount of drug (dispersed in an appropriate vehicle) is applied to the skin and the amount of drug that actually reaches the systemic circulation is too small to be quantified. In this paper we discuss, various comparative clinical studies those are used currently to establish bioequivalence for topical drug formulations. The method of establishing pharmacokinetics of topical drugs is generally termed as Dermatopharmacokinetics. The dermatological, cosmetical formulations are simply and efficiently assessed for quality and efficacy by the most common method of Dermatopharmacokinetics i.e. skin stripping technique, but it’s not an easy task as it is difficult to make a large number of precise measurements due to the limited area of application to the skin. In this technique, after topical application and penetration of drug, the cell layers of stratum corneum are successively removed from the same skin area using adhesive tapes. These tape strips contain the amount of corneocytes and the corresponding amount of penetrated drug which can be determined by classical analytical / chemical methods.

In the present study, the thrust was given to the isolation, purification and characterization of the active principle from fruit of Flacourtia inermis Roxb for developing a simple, but novel, antifungal agent of natural origin. The active principle was separated and purified by column chromatography and the molecular structure of the active compound was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The antifungal compound was identified as, 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a simple phenolic compound. Antifungal efficiency of 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was tested against human opportunistic pathogens by agar well diffusion method. Results showed that 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was effective for inhibiting the growth of tested fungi at a concentration range of 15-60 mg/ml. Among the fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus showed highest susceptibility followed by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Chrysosporium species. From the results of the present studies, it is evident that 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid isolated from the fruit extract of Flacourtia inermis possesses powerful antifungal activity against human opportunistic fungal pathogens and it can be developed as a prototype for large scale preparation of new antifungal drug.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of leaves of Cassia grandis (MECG). The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using Eddy’s hotplate method and acetic acid-induced writhing respectively. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by using Digital plethysmometer (UGO Basil, Italy 7140). The study was carried out using dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. The pharmacological screening of the extract showed significant analgesic activity with good anti-inflammatory profile.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of leaves of Cassia grandis (MECG). The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using Eddy’s hotplate method and acetic acid-induced writhing respectively. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by using Digital plethysmometer (UGO Basil, Italy 7140). The study was carried out using dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. The pharmacological screening of the extract showed significant analgesic activity with good anti-inflammatory profile.