Dyslipidemia is found to be associated with the initiation and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Modifications of lipoproteins by glycation and oxidation and the variations in the size distributions of lipoprotein particles are not reflected in conventional lipid profiles. This study was conducted to know if the measurements of apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) and apolipoprotein B (apo B) may be more directly relevant to the biophysiological changes associated with DR than the traditional lipids. The study subjects consisted of 30 type 2 diabetic patients with DR and 20 type 2 diabetic patients without DR. Diabetic retinopathy was determined by an ophthalmologist using fundoscopic examination. Serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins were measured by standard enzymatic methods. The apo B and apo AI levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. In this study, we did not find any relationship between serum apolipoprotein levels and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

Cigarette smoking is a serious health problem and most avoidable cause of death in world wide. The aim of our study is to know the association between cigarette smoking and glycated hemoglobin levels (GHbA1c). This cross sectional study includes 30 people who are smokers but non alcoholics aged between 20-45 years and without any history of diabetes and any other acute or chronic illness as subjects and similar age group men who are not smokers were included as controls. The results of our study shows that there is significant association between smoking and glycated Hb levels (P<0.001). The HbA1c levels in smokers was (5.93±0.485) and in non smokers (5.430±0.234) indicating a statistical association. In conclusion the study shows people who smokes are at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. Cessation of smoking can prevent not only from developing diabetes but also from other serious health hazards.

A rapid RP-HPLC method for determination of Valacyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Valacyclovir was found to be degraded under different set of conditions as followed according to ICH guidelines and the degradants so formed along with Valacyclovir are separated by using Hypersil BDS C18 150mm×4.6mm×5µm using mobile phase comprising of mobile phase-A (sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate buffer PH 3.51 with Orthophosphoric Acid) and mobile phase-B (acetonitrile: methanol, 60:40), with a flow rate of 1.5ml/min with a detection wavelength of 254nm with a injection volume of 10µl and the method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness and precision. The obtained results were indicating that the method is selective in analysis of both Valacyclovir in the presence of degradation products formed under various stress conditions.

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial activity of organic and supercritical fluids extracts of Psoralea corylifolia seeds against both Gram +ve bacteria (S. aureus ATCC- 29213 and MRSA -15187) and Gram ‐ve bacteria (E. coli ATCC-6739 and P. aeruginosa ATCC- 9027). Methods: The supercritical fluid extracts of Psoralea corylifolia were prepared by using pure CO2 and CO2 with cosolvent ethyl acetate. On the other hand, organic solvents extracts were prepared sequentially by using petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, hydro alcohol (50%) and water. The antibacterial activities of all prepared extracts (PCE 1- PCE 11) were studied along with different marker compounds (bakuchiol, psoralen, isopsoralen and psolaridin) using Broth Dilution method. Results: The results clearly indicates that all prepared seeds extracts and the marker compound from Psoralea corlyfolia shows significant antibacterial activity against Gram +ve bacteria, whereas the extracts (PCE 6 – PCE 11) and the compound psolaridin were found to inactive against Gram ‐ve bacteria. Out of eleven prepared extracts, two extracts namely PCE 1 and PCE 2 along with bakuchiol was found to be more active against all tested micro‐organisms, especially against Gram +ve S. aureus ATCC- 29213 and MRSA – 15187 bacteria. On the other hand, the extract (PCE 1 – PCE 5) along with marker compounds (bakuchiol, psoralen and isopsoralen) shows significant inhibitory effect of against Gram ‐ve bacteria. Conclusion: It was observed that the extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds were active against both Gram +ve bacteria and Gram ‐ve bacteria. Moreover, the present work clearly demonstrates that the presence bakuchiol has a key role for antimicrobial activity of Psoralea corlyfolia.

A simple, sensitive, rapid, selective, precise and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of Pramipexole dihydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage forms. HPLC separation was carried out by reversed phase chromatography on a Thermo Scientific C18 column (4.6 ×150mm, 85µm), held at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: ammonium acetate buffer (75:25 v/v), run at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min and with UV detection at 262 nm. The method was found to be linear over an analytical range of 1-100 μg/ml with LOD limit for pramipexole is 3.17 (S/N ratio) and LOQ limit for the drug is 10.3 (S/N ratio) respectively. The proposed method was validated successfully and applied to the quantification of the drug in tablet dosage forms.

To determine the anticonvulsant activity of the root and bark extract of Erythrina variegata L in mice and rats, and in order to verify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy. The pentyleneterazole (PTZ) and the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) models were used for assessing the anticonvulsant effects of the chloroform bark & root extract in mice and rats. The chloroform extract (500 mg/kg p.o) of that produced significant protection (71.4%) against PTZ-induced convulsion and onset of seizures compared with the control group in mice. At 500 mg/kg p.o., the extract also produced sig-nificant protection (71.4%) against MES-induced convulsions in rat. The results obtained from this study indicate that the chloroform root and bark extract of Erythrina variegata L may be beneficial in both absence and tonic clonic seizures.

The present study has been designed to explore the beneficial effect of Momordica charantia in partial abdominal aortic constriction (PAAC) induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. The male wistar rats were anaesthetized with thiopentone sodium and were subjected to Partial Abdominal Aortic Constriction (PAAC) for 4 weeks. The treatment with ethanolic extract of Momordica Charantia (EMC) (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was started three days before surgery and it was continued for 4 weeks after surgery. The development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was assessed by measuring ratio of LV weight to body weight (LVW/BW), LV wall thickness (LVWT), LV protein content, LV collagen content and LV RNA concentration. Further mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded. Moreover, DNA gel electrophoresis was employed to assess the myocardial cell death. The PAAC significantly increased the ratio of LV weight to body weight, LV wall thickness, LV protein content, LV collagen content and LV RNA concentration. Further PAAC significantly increased MABP and myocardial cell death. The EMC (400mg/kg) markedly attenuated PAAC induced increase in LV hypertrophy, MABP and LV necrotic cell death. These results implicate ameliorative role of Momordica Charantia in PAAC induced myocardial cell death and pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

The importance of medicinal plants in traditional health care practices, providing clues to new areas of drug research and biodiversity conservation is now well recognized. Cassia tora L.belonging to Family Leguminoseae, commonly known as Chakramardha ,is a wild crop and grown in most parts of India as a weed. It is an annual foetide herb, 30-90 cm high. Leaves are pinnate, up to 10 cm long rachis grooved, conical gland between each of two lowest pairs of leaflet, leaflets in 3 pairs, opposite, abovate, oblong and base ablique. It grown in dry soil throughout tropical parts of India. According to Ayurveda the leaves are acrid, laxative, antiperiodic, anthelmintic, ophthalmic,liver tonic, cardiotonic and expectorant.The present study gives an account on its pharmacognostical profile and its anthelmintic potential.This research paper presents microscopic characters, physicochemical evaluation, element detection, extractive values, and fluorescent analysis. The preliminary phytochemical screenings of various extracts was performed to establish the pharmacognostic profile of the leaves. The anthelmintic effect of petroleum ether extract of against worms like Pheritima posthuma by Ghosh et. al. method. It shows the very good anthelmintic activity which was comparable with standard Piperazine citrate.