Introduction: Depression is a significant global health concern, causing personal distress, functional impairment, and increased healthcare burden. Understanding its specific characteristics in the Indian population is vital for effective management. This study aimed to assess the demographic and clinical profile, triggering factors, quality of life, and treatment patterns among Indian patients with depression. Methods: This retrospective, multi-centric cross-sectional study collected data from healthcare facilities across India on patients diagnosed with depression per ICD-10 criteria. Information on demographics, triggers, symptoms, quality of life impact, and treatment was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: The study included 7,888 patients, with a mean age of 48.0 years. The prevalence of depression was slightly higher in males (56.5%). Key triggering factors included stressful events, chronic illness or pain, and social isolation. Commonly reported symptoms were fatigue or low energy, persistent sadness or low mood, and disturbed sleep. Depression significantly affects patients’ quality of life, particularly sleep quality, financial/social functioning, and daily chores. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy were the most common treatments. Among antidepressants, escitalopram was most frequently prescribed (47.7%), followed by vortioxetine (2.6%), while bupropion and the bupropion-dextromethorphan combination were each prescribed in 0.05% of cases. Conclusions: The study highlights the considerable clinical and psychosocial burden of depression among Indian patients, particularly middle-aged individuals. Key triggers such as stress and chronic illness demand early recognition and tailored interventions. Although CBT and pharmacotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, the underutilization of multimodal strategies indicates a gap in optimal care. These findings underscore the need for integrated, culturally sensitive, and patient-centered approaches to improve depression management and outcomes in India.