Avulsion is a complex and a traumatic injury affecting the pulp, PDL, cementum, alveolar bone and gingival tissues, where there is a complete displacement of the tooth from its socket. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review on the storage methods and guidelines on treatment avulsed teeth.
Abstract Online: 12-March-2015

Objective: To determine p53 antibodies in the serum of Syrain breast cancer patients  and to assess the prognostic significance of these antibodies in treatment, monitoring and recurrence in those patients. Methods: The study was carried out at the Department  of General Surgery at Al-assad university hospital and Al-bairouny oncology education tumor   hospital, Damascus, Syria, between April 2008  to  February 2011.  Serum of 60 patients of breast cancer, 35 patients of benign masses and 35 of healthy controls  were analyzed using Enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Eight of sixty breast cancer patients were positive for p53 antibodies (13.3%), one patient of 35 benign masses patients was positive for p53 antibodies (2.9%) and p53 Abs  weren’t detected in control group. When we followed up patients of positive p53Abs after surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there was a swing  in  p53 Abs  concentration  during  the  study. Conclusion: Our results could support the role of p53 Abs as a prognostic biomarker for patients  with breast cancer.
Abstract Online: 16-March-2015

Medication compliance is a well-established issue in the care of depression. There is evidence that more than 50% of depressed patients withdraw treatment prematurely. Some factors reported to have an important effect on adherence are: poor socioeconomic status, poverty, illiteracy, low level of education, unemployment, lack of effective social support networks, unstable living conditions, long distance from treatment centre, high cost of transport, high cost of medication, changing environmental situations, culture and lay beliefs about illness and treatment and family dysfunction. To study the socio demographic factors that influence compliance to the treatment of depression. The present Cross sectional study was carried out in the department of General Medicine (IP) of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa, AP,  A total of 103subjects were participated in the study during  6months) & the patients were enrolled to the study according to the inclusion & exclusion criteria, after obtaining Informed Consent Form (ICF). Among the 103 psychiatric patients 31 patients were adherent and 72 patients were non adherent. In our study non-adherence was more unmarried, higher level of education occupy a lower socioeconomic strata and have a history of non-adherence. Our study revealed significant effect was observed only in level of education, and overall various barriers had less significant on non-adherence. Clinical pharmacist’s role still remains in psychiatry department for the improvement of patient medication adherence by creating awareness regarding disease and treatment and providing patient counselling services
Abstract Online: 16-March-2015

Background /Aims: Diabetes and its complications are considered as a major public health problem in the world and the prevention of these complications has become a public health priority.  The recent discovery of hepcidin, the central regulatory molecule of systemic iron homeostasis, changed the view of iron metabolism, which is long known to be linked with insulin resistant status in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, the aim of the current study was to elucidate the impact of metformin administration for long time on iron regulator hepcidin and iron metabolic parameters (Hb, ferritin, TIBC) in Type 2 diabetic patients. Subjects Methods: This study included 45 subjects of both sexes, the age between 35-60 years.  Thirty cases with type 2 diabetes who divided into two groups: L-group, treated with metformin for less than 5 years and A-group, treated with metformin for more than 5 years. These groups were compared with the healthy sex and age matched control group (n=15). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood hemoglobin (Hb), serum hepcidin, ferritin, Iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) have been carried out.   Results:  The present results recorded highly significant increase in serum hepcidin level in A-group and significant increase in L-group versus the control group. Serum insulin group as well as serum insulin, ferritin and TIBC levels showed highly significant increase in A-group with insignificant increase in L-grouprelative to the control group. Significant depletion in blood Hb as well as in serum iron levels were demonstrated in both A-and L-group with respect to the controlgroup. Hepcidin showed a significant positive correlation with FBG, insulin and ferritin in both diabetic groups (A-and L-group), while it showed a negative correlation with HB and serum iron.  Conclusion: The current study provided an evidence for that metformin administration in Type 2 diabetic patients for long time (more than 5 years) caused anima, heperferritinemia, iron deficiency as well as marked increase in serum hepcidin indicating iron overload in liver of these patients.
Abstract Online: 7-April-2015

Insulin resistance is a pathophysiologic link to development of several metabolic disorders in obese subjects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between obesity and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR index in normoglycemic obese subjects and to compare the results with the result of healthy non obese subjects. The importance is to identify the subjects in risk for developing preventive strategies before the manifest disease as type 2 diabetes. A total45  obese subjects (25 men and 20 women )  and 45 lean subjects ( 25 men and 20 women) were enrolled to evaluate obesity by body mass index BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio WHR  and insulin resistance measured by HOMA-IR index. The results demonstrate that HOMA-IR is significantly higher in obese groups, males and females, compared with the control group of the same sexes and was positively correlated with the elevated values of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio in the tow sex.
Abstract Online: 11-April-2015

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the vital causes for the hospital infections worldwide. High-level resistance to methicillin is caused by the mecA gene, which encodes an alternative penicillin-binding protein, PBP 2a. The mecA gene is a gene found in bacterial cells which allows a bacterium to be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin and other penicillin-like antibiotics. The main objective of the present study was isolation, purification, and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from the clinical bandages and swabs at the hospitals. Genomic DNA was extracted from the identified isolate, and analyzed using biochemical characterization. The MRSA was studied and confirmed at the molecular level by amplifying the gene mecA which in turn is responsible for antibiotic resistance. The selected colonies were sub cultured and confirmed of the trains on MSA assay. The isolated strains were morphologically characterized by Gram’s Staining and were confirmed to be Gram positive and Cocci shape. The cultures which are Staphylococcus turned yellow in colour on MSA agar plate which further confirmed the strains as Staphylococcus. All the 10 isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus strains. The mecA gene was amplified and the susceptibility and resistivity towards the antibiotics studies were confirmed by the antibiotic susceptibility disc diffusion method.
Abstract Online: 11-April-2015

With the advent of modifications in Indian regulations for clinical trials, there is the need to have standardization of individual clinical data management steps. This will not only have cost saving by mitigation of risk by avoiding data corruption but will help to evolve the Indian regulation towards globalization. This report shares the authors view based on experiences drawn by implementation of clinical trial data management procedures in an Indian biopharmaceutical company on vaccine trails.
Abstract Online: 15-April-2015

Despite the great number of studies being made concerning cellular and the molecular dysfunctions associated with autism, the basic central mechanism of these disorders has not been proposed in the major scientific literature. We suggest that environmental heavy metals which have neurotoxic properties such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium and aluminum can exacerbate the pathological and clinical problems leading to autism. So this study aimed at exploring these possible associations that exist between autism and these neurotoxic heavy metal and which of them has positive correlation with the degree of severity of the disease. Our study comprised two groups. The first one included 55 autistic child (male and female). The second group consisted of 75 normal child (male and female).The two groups where matched for age and gender and socioeconomic status. The results of this study revealed that the mean level of the measured heavy metals were higher among the group suffering from autism compared to their controls. The differences were statistically significant. Also our study reported that the mean levels of the studied metals were the highest among those with sever autism compared to moderate and mild autism. However the difference were not statistically significant except for that of aluminum (P<0.001). Also there was positive correlation between the measured heavy metals and severity autism according to CARS. However the positive correlation was statistically significant only for aluminum. So we recommend a novel way of treatment for autistic children including adding much nutritional fibers as psilium husk and bran to food of autistic children to decrease absorption of these metals and or chemical chelation of these heavy metals and this will improve the symptoms of the disease or may treat it, with special emphasis to sources of aluminium environmental pollution.
Abstract Online: 26-April-2015

The safety profile of Nifedipine and Isoxsuprine on preterm diagnosed patients was assessed in this study. A total of 156 patients were included in the study, 78 patients data in each group was utilized for comparing the pre and post administration effects on blood biochemistry and hematology parameters. The dose of Isoxsuprine as an infusion of Inj. Isoxsuprine 40mg in 500ml Ringer lactate at 0.08mg/min, and nifedipine as an initial oral loading dose of 30 mg (10 sublingual and 20 mg oral) and maintenance dose oral dose of 20 mg at every 6 h did not affect the blood biochemistry and hematology of the preterm labor patients and were judged to be clinically non-significant in both the groups except a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum urea levels in Isoxsuprine treated patients.
Abstract Online: 26-April-2015

L-Glutaminase is an anti-leukemic enzyme produced by number of microbes. The three-phase partitioning method of Iso-octane followed by the ammonium sulphate precipitation was used to purify the L-glutaminase produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens. The selected process parameters viz. concentration of ammonium sulphate, Iso-octane to broth ratio, temperature and pH were optimized by Taguchi orthogonal array design of experiment (DOE). Overall, 28.19%, enhanced recovery of L-glutaminase was achieved after the optimization of selected factors.
Abstract Online: 26-April-2015

Parkinson disease (PD) is due to oxidative stress and excitotoxicity leading to depletion of neurotransmitters like dopamine, epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, serotonin, abnormal ubiquitination and mitochondrial dysfunction. Aim and Objective: The present work deals with the insilico docking studies of target proteins such as α- synuclein, MAO-B and COMT, UCHL-1 inhibitors with hesperidin and  L-Dopa. Methods: The insilico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock version 4.2. Results: The docking energy of hesperidin with α- synuclein showed binding energy -1.0 kcal/mol whereas L-Dopa showed binding energy -4.44 kcal/mol. Hesperidin with MAO-B showed binding energy -6.26 kcal/mol whereas L-Dopa showed binding energy -4.4 kcal/mol. Hesperidin showed binding energy -2.47 kcal/mol with COMT whereas L-Dopa showed binding energy -5.22 kcal/mol. Hesperidin with UCHL-1 showed binding energy   -6.08 kcal/mol whereas L-Dopa showed binding energy -4.24. Conclusion: These results clearly indicate that the flavonoid hesperidin have similar binding sites and interactions with α-synuclein, MAO-B, COMT, UCHL-1 compared to the L-Dopa the standard drug.
Abstract Online: 27-April-2015